There are fifty-one alphabets starting from a-kāra (a-kara) to kṣa (ksha)— a-kārādi-kṣa-kārāntaikapañcāśad varṅāḥ.  The Bṛhaspati (Brihaspati) smṛti (smriti) text says that the Creator churned the series of alphabets out of a machine— dhātrākṣarāṇi sṛṣṭāṇi yantrārūḍhānyataḥ purā. These alphabets are of five types, namely lithograph, artistic scripts, scripts written by pen, scripts produced by colour dust, and […]

The term ‘Īśa’ (Isa) generally denotes one who authorises, controls or rules, one who is entitled to own, and so on. In this sense, terms like Nareśa (Naresha; lord of men), Sureśa (Suresa, lord of the gods), Kṣitīśa (kshitisa; ruler of the earth), Gaṇeśa (Ganesa; ruler of the people), Śrīśa (Srisa, lord of Sri or […]

The main and general meaning of Upāṁśu (Upamsu) indicates a kind of Mantrajapa (chanting of mantras or hymns). Upāṁśu (Upamsu) is also used as a conjunction to mean serenity- Upāṁśujarpabhede (Upamsujarpabhede) syād (syad) upāṁśu (upamsu) vijane’vyayam| In the Agni Purāṇa (Purana), it was said in the Mantraparibhāṣā (the text about the mantra or chants) that […]